Didn't you read how penetration works ? In the case of a 50 damage arrow, it would only inflict some piercing damage and mainly blunt.
Crossbows, with a bit of balance, could easily penetrate plate armor at least majorly, so you would take piercing mostly -> counter.
Melee weapon wise, unless you have an exceptionally heavy axe in the head of a very bad quality metal helmet, you will almost never penetrate, so blunt / heavy weapons are the way to go like you describe